Somewhere in 13th century Bohemia, a single monk sat down and began writing the largest book the medieval world would ever produce. Three feet tall. Two feet wide. 165 pounds. You need two people to lift it. The pages are made from the skins of 160 donkeys. Originally 320 pages. Ten are now missing. Nobody knows what was on them. It would take one person working continuously, day and night, five years just to recreate the text by hand, excluding illustrations. Realistically,

Every great ape on Earth has 48 chromosomes. Chimpanzees. Gorillas. Orangutans. Bonobos. 48. Every single one. Humans have 46. Somewhere in the lineage that became us, two chromosomes fused into one. Chromosome 2, the second largest in the human genome, is the result of two ancestral ape chromosomes being joined end to end. We know this because the evidence is written in the chromosome itself. Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes, like the plastic tips on